Topic Analysis for Essays

Topic Analysis for EssaysThere are many topic choices that you can analyze in an essay. The essay is your chance to express your thoughts and ideas in an organized and systematic manner. You have a brief period of time to write your essay, so analyzing the available topics is critical.Let's say you choose to write about the topic of success. This is the topic of a successful businessman, government worker, lawyer, etc. Within this topic space you could include statements like: 'The success of a government employee is a result of his/her hard work, perseverance, and diligence.' Or perhaps you could say: 'I am convinced that if a successful businessperson, for example, will work with a government official, that this individual would be more likely to succeed in business.'Keep your essay's content exciting by providing an interesting topic, but avoid being too long on words, as this can detract from the reader's attention. You can also use subject lines that link to some of your other w ritings, as well as current events or new developments.Many students get stuck and feel they cannot think clearly without the topic or subject of the essay, so providing an essay that incorporates the topic of success is a great way to keep the student focused. But before you start analyzing the topics, first write down your main thoughts and topics as an outline.Decide how you will use the topic analysis method. If your main goal is to present your thesis, you will want to include major points along with minor ideas or concepts, as well as what you will be focusing on throughout the piece. If you want to present your thoughts and ideas using some sort of conclusion, you can provide your final ideas by summing the major ideas that you presented in the entire essay.Onceyou have the outline of the piece, you can begin analyzing the various essay topics that are relevant to your topic. Also, you can always add to your essay's outline as you go along.Just remember that no matter what th e essay topics are, you should find a way to tie it together, so that the reader will have a sense of continuity and development throughout the entire essay. Remember, if you are not satisfied with the direction your piece is going, it is best to go back and re-write your essay. And as always, take your own life into consideration when writing and rewriting, especially when it comes to what to write and who to put in the essay.Finally, when you are done with the essay, it is important to leave the reader with a sense of understanding, and a feeling of responsibility to a certain topic or idea. Your readers may ask themselves, 'Why did I ever agree to write this essay?'

The Most Popular College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person

The Most Popular College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person All About College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person Businesses that provide communication essay services should have a vibrant group of work force that is highly qualified in the majority of academic fields. Essays are an essential component in the college application procedure. Colleges and universities are not searching for perfect folks. The College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person Pitfall The best way to learn another language, they say, is to set the youthful child in cases where the second language surrounds them. 1 major portion of learning a language is often having the ability to go to a foreign nation. Some people think that learning another language takes away from learning different subjects. Learning another language can cause greater advantages in problem solving because it's a cognitive ability. College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person for Dummies When you plan your essay and jot down the points you' re likely to talk about in your draft, you are going to have lot of points to discuss. The numbers won't only help you convince in your point of view on a specific issue but will also make it even more authoritative. Current information If you're a student, then you're totally known by the simple fact that while submitting essays to your teachers, you will need to be sure that there isn't any mistake. An excellent communication essay must also have the role of offering information whenever required. It's very beneficial to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. The introduction or the introductory paragraph is a rather relevant part of your essay due to the simple fact it states the principal idea of your composition. If you think that you don't have enough time to check all the crucial sources, it's possible to order an inexpensive literature review on your topic. Type of College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person For instance, it is a requirement to give a counterargument to your primary argument in persuasive essays. Free formatting Sometimes, it may happen you have already written a post but you feel there are some mistake or repetitions in the essay. Your college counselor can offer valuable insight into how to enhance your college application essays, so make sure to find feedback on your drafts whenever possible. College admissions essays take a tremendous quantity of work. They are not rocket science, but there are a number of steps that students can take to put together the most accurate and compelling essays that will help their chances of gaining admission to their top-choice colleges. Formal essays and some kinds of informal essays are usually written in the third individual. It is also critical for students as soon as it comes to English Language examinations. The College Essay of a 2nd Langaguage Person Pitfall Keep in mind that the previous two writing forms are written in the very first person. Personal experience can play an extremely useful part in your philosophy papers, provided that you always explain to the reader the way the experience is connected to your argument. Indeed, spending time on writing an outline provides you a chance to save a good deal whilst writing. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it'll be a very good idea which you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. Later, as soon as you're listening that what you recorded story to find a feeling of the way to write it, you could also receive a feeling of the tone with which you wish to tell that story. The second sort of sentence stimulates the imagination and makes a relation to the author. You might also attempt sharing your essay with different people and receiving their thoughts. Brag only supposing it's well worth bragging about.

Essay Topics About Social Media

Essay Topics About Social MediaSocial media essay topics are a great way to express yourself and to develop your writing skills. The essay you write should help you develop a better understanding of social media and how it can impact the success of your business. The essay should be interesting, provocative, and full of important information. There are plenty of ways you can use to make your topic stand out from the crowd.Many people who use these essay topics to write their essays do not realize that they could just as easily go with other types of essay topics. A lot of times the students have no idea that they could take another type of topic and spice it up. They do not know that it is possible to create an engaging topic for their essay. It is really that simple.When you choose your essay topic, you will need to think about what you really want to communicate. This is one of the most important parts of developing an essay topic that can help you. If you are unsure of what you wa nt to say then you will need to go into more depth than you might want to. You will also need to think about the style and format that are going to be most appropriate for you. There are many essay writing programs that will help you decide which essay topic will be most appropriate for you.Another important part of making your essay topic stand out is the amount of information you are able to include. It is nice to write about a wide variety of topics but it is also important to write about specific things. If you can narrow down a specific subject that you want to talk about then you are more likely to be successful at writing your essay. However, if you only have an idea but you want to write about it anyway then you will need to spend some time planning and structuring your ideas so that they flow together.It is easy to get bogged down in trying to decide what to write about in your social media essay topics. You should instead focus on taking the best aspects of different topic s and combining them together. Some of the most popular essay topics include:When you are working on the essay, you will also need to consider how you are going to present the information you are going to discuss in various forms. One way to do this is to provide a summary of the information for readers and explain the specifics. However, there are also other ways to present the information so that it is easier to understand and process.You will also want to think about the length of the essay when you are thinking about the different social media essay topics that you are going to present. Most people will be happy to read a longer essay when they find something interesting to read, but they might find it difficult to deal with an essay that is too short. However, you will need to make sure that the overall length of the essay will fit into the length limitations for the college or university where you are writing it for.As you can see there are plenty of opportunities for you to u se the essay topics about social media that you develop for this important class. However, it is important to remember that the topics are only there to help you communicate your thoughts. You should also pay attention to how you structure your essay and what sorts of features you include in it. That will help you make the most of your essay when you present it in front of a real audience.

Transition to Higher Education for Psychology Students

Introduction Even though transition, apparently, seems to be the transition of student from high school education or FE background to a higher education institution, actually it is much less straightforward. Hence, offering a student with an effective transition depends on a range of contributors who jointly support a student to become conversant in, participate in and be successful within a course of study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transition to Higher Education for Psychology Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Factors influencing transition within the psychology fields may be distinctive, but many students are applicable to a range of sciences and other fields. This analysis can serves as an introduction for helping higher education institutions and psychology students with transition to higher education. Investigations about the first year of students in higher education have become even more ess ential part of higher education research to support transition of students into higher education. Studies concerning first year at higher education states that there is need to conceder significantly on the similarity between what students consider as important and what scholars believe is important for students. It is vital to consider how diversity of students may benefit them in their live at the first year and how it may transform the character of transitional matters. Studies and scholars should focus on the importance of considering the experiences and identity which psychology students convey and to connect with the various backgrounds that these students hail from (Jackson, 2003). Students who are going into higher education with more complex expectations on the new academic backgrounds were even ready to manage stressful conditions that they can experience. The impacts of students’ previous academic motives, study objectives, and experiences have been seen in several fields in higher education. Scholars claim that producing a suitable climate and providing possibilities to network with peer students, tutors, and the entire university is very vital in their exposure to a different environment. There are several approaches of learning activities provided intended to encourage social interaction and lessons between new and senior students within the university or any other form of higher education. Experiences encountered by Psychology Student Psychology students are faced with developmental undertakings while they are growing up, but there some specific moments in life where several challenges are met by these students at the same time. The transition into high school life is one of these significant development stages. It is an interesting period that normally brings about significant gains in maturity, but it is as well a time during which several students face challenges.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This transition is a significant occasion for families also, since the families experience some major changes in relationships between the students and the other members of the family (Brubacher Rudy, 2007, p. 34). Again, even though most families may cope with these changes, it is somewhat common that they face difficulties throughout the transition. A challenge for university lecturers or teachers in a student-centred approach is to use the student profile and to generate teaching on ideas and previous experience or knowledge. This is an effective section of the problem-based learning in which the learning course begins from what the students think or believe. Another appropriate section is to provide requirements in developing self directed learning in due course. Handling the beliefs of students at the first year in higher education is considered as essential element for development of professional recognition. Challe nges Most students experience psychological, mental, and physical issues while entering their new lives of educational environment. These issues are common and should be tackled with care so that they may not affect their new learning process and future career. The learning process and activities at the high school level may have certain differences with higher education. These differences often provide great challenges to the first year students while adjusting to their new system (Brubacher Rudy, 2007, p. 34). Students and their families face different challenges during this transition to higher education. While high school students are in their senior level and for some who are in their end of their junior levels, there are some expectations of creating decisions concerning which higher education institutions or universities to apply to and later applying to those institutions. These opportunities can be overwhelming since many individual challenges are tied together in them. Mo st importantly, under pressure from issues regarding objectives and interests in a manner that far surpasses any earlier challenges that are related with these issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transition to Higher Education for Psychology Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The psychology students experience the questions about what academic fields are they interested most, and what types of social settings match their needs (Brunswick, 2012, p. 31). Other sets of challenges arise when selecting the college since it will later influence the relationships with their families. The issue of relocation arouses where the family has to decide if the student should live at home while attending school or relocate to the school. Also, if the family decides that the student should relocate, the issue of the distance arises. Normally, selecting an institution also creates challenging questions concerning funds for the psychology students and their families, including what families can and cannot offer and what financial liabilities the student also will have to experience or undertake (Ehrenberg, 2012).  There are several challenges which students face during this transition to higher education. To name just a few, the students in their first year at the university should negotiate a new stage and educational requirements (for instance huge lecture classes, in huge lecture halls, intensive programs and projects instead of daily tasks provided for them in high schools), coping with the new educational settings, socializing with other students of different cultures, and choosing and handling new additional activities (Ehrenberg, 2012). They also experience challenges while developing friendships and managing their own schedules to adjust to their new learning programs. New college students should experience all these challenges while they are coping with the reality that they are moving away from their previous friends and most importantly, their families. From a psychological perspective, to manage effectively the transition to higher education, psychology students should create efforts in creating their own distinctive identity and become more self-determining, which includes managing their emotional experiences that are formed due to their separation from parents. These psychological experiences are challenging since, as Smart and Paulsen (2011, p. 389) mentioned, teenagers or young people do not have the comfort of attending them while social conditions, academic expectations, and other requirements remain equal. Rather, the students have to generate their identities and attempt to be self-governing specifically through managing a whole new bundle of real issues.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Difficulties Provided the above challenges, it is not interesting that studies have reported that there is a decrease in emotional and social change during this transitional period. The students passing through this transitional period face difficulties and even their families undergo the same. For instance, some of the students often respond to the problems they experience through taking on poor and risky coping skills, with some students describing their own challenges and problems by referring to what fellow students, teachers, or parents were doing wrong. Others avoid the challenges and momentarily surrender as they contend with a sense of insufficiency and deep self-doubt. Certainly, the transition to higher education is very demanding. Studies (Brunswick, 2012, p. 31) have reported that students who are provided with encouragements and any other support from their teachers and families throughout this challenging transition period will feel firmly attached to their parents and teachers. However, the difficulties experienced during this transition period also bring about family problems. For instance, at times when a student acts out, frequently arriving home late, avoiding homework, and performing poorly in college due their feeling of independence, the student may actually be experiencing the issue of becoming more independent. Most students undergo this transition while they are in their adolescent stage and these issues related with this stage will make their parents to get involved as well. The parents may face some difficulties to adjust to the separation which is caused by this transition. Therefore, they may act in a manner in which they are against the achievement of better healthy independence of their children without understanding that their involvement is creating or facilitating these effects. Most students in their first year often experience poor performances and these are caused by difficulty in coping with the new environment and financi al management. The students may not manage their finances appropriately and their academic demands facilitate poor performances. The first year students work heavily to meet their demands, matched up with other students who are in their second to final years. However, these students work hard to meet their realistic expectations of the requirements of the university or college work, but they have higher possibility of not meeting these demands or expectations, relative to other students (Fry, 2009, p. 251). Paid work that they are engaged in also affect their academic expectations since they are likely that they have not cope with these adjustments of doing part time work and at the same time expected to follow the schedules put for them in the university. The financial risks and expectations are linked with the higher possibilities of college drop outs since they experience challenges and difficulties in managing the academic and work commitments. However, the severe distress of co ping with academic requirements that are experienced by first year students undergoing the transition is less of a concern, provided that it is constantly poor performance before being admitted into university and during the first year of their study which is directly linked with high possibility of attrition. Facilitating Learning in Commencing Psychology Students All the first year psychology students undergo a period of transition as they cope with the challenges which are triggered by new learning and social experiences. Not every student has an ability to tackle appropriately these new challenges and most students find themselves leaving university because of environmental or adjustments issues instead of intellectual difficulties. It is therefore not interesting that many studies have been directed to identify these factors that affect achievement of students at university and creating approaches to simplify the transition experience for first year students. Factors which affe ct students’ achievement rates include the need for students to learn to adjust to the requirements of the faculty or curriculum, the standard of teaching offered, and students’ objective or obligation and self-efficacy (Field, Kuczera, Pont, 2007, p. 149). The new students differ broadly across culture, belief, age, socioeconomic status, employment experience, and academic experience. Therefore, they enter the higher education institutions with a wide range of learning experience inclinations created by their diverse cultural settings and previous high school experiences. Provided that diversity, higher education teachers (especially those teachers attending new students) need to consider a new look at the learning settings they offer and the way they provide for the diverse learning requirements of the new psychology students. They should have a deeper knowledge of the factors that have an impact on learning to prevent creating a superficial response to diversity of psychology student. This needs to offer learning experiences that value and acknowledge the culturally diverse environments, knowledge, experiences, skills, and learning favorites of the new psychology student (Fry, 2009, p. 251). Psychology students are required to understand their personal learning favorites also, since this self-understanding can motivate them to become self-governing and independent students. Likewise, educators who understand their personal learning preferences turn out to be more responsive to their approaches and methods applied by other teachers in the same setting. This can help to adjust appropriately their teaching to outfit diverse student preferences. A comprehensive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds of the new psychology students can create the difference between achievement and failure. Therefore, the challenge is the way to offer that environment, mainly when the course is offered in various forms of delivery (Hartley H ilsdon, 2010). Opportunities Psychology students should realize two important factors while undergoing transition to higher education. The first factor is the facility for this transition in order that the desires and expectations for students are addressed and the second thing is to provide an appropriate and informative orientation process. As the students undergo the transition, it is very vital that the students are informed everything which is contained in the university and courses provided by the university. Some first year students often have difficulties to attend all the lectures or classes, but try to attend a majority of these classes. Universities contain many student support services which support students meet their targets and finish their higher education. In the orientation program, the students are offered with the opportunity to cope with the campus, the teachers, workers, and fellow students. These support services help them to have a smooth and easy transition. The psychology students who are underprivileged also are provided an opportunity to have a smoother transition. Unlike high school experiences, students with learning disabilities may have more challenges since their number are increased which may overpower their support. However, most higher education institutions have provided with solution to address their issues and challenges. These activities are part of student empowerment projects where useful strategies are proposed so a student may create a decision that will transform his professional career and his future live. The key objectives of these programs are to provide all new comers mutual opportunities tom develop and have a successful future. The transition is offered with a equal quantity of support and guidance from teachers, parents, and higher education institution, and will support them adjust their new learning processes. This is an important stage in lives of students and educators should have the ability to understa nd and identify the challenges that students face during this transition (Morgan Kliucharev, 2012). These processes of identifying such challenges help to provide appropriate strategies to manage these challenges and provide smooth transition to higher education. Support from Psychologists Psychologists are supposed to provide useful support during this demanding transition to higher education by psychology students. The psychologist determines if the student is putting more effort to adjust in a counterproductive approach and if family activities or involvement are contributing to these difficulties. Then, the psychologist may provide recommendations concerning whether personal therapy for the university new comer or his family participation is possibly to help address and solve these difficulties. Psychologists also may help determine whether the former institution has helpful resources and facilities to refer to, such as learning programs or centres at the institutions counselin g section for some other students experiencing similar difficulties and challenges. Psychologist, who has the sufficient knowledge and skills concerning this transition period, also support students and their families create critical decisions, such the situations where they are family are uncertain if the student is suppose to relocate or stay at home while attending college (Wiseman, 2000). They can also help to decide if it will be appropriate for the student to take a leave of absence for a particular period of time due to the emotional or academic issues experienced during their first year in higher education institution. Even though the issues that arise often are somewhat disappointing and at times quite serious, it is often likely to create ‘mid-course corrections’ that bring about productively navigating the transition in order that the students may advance with their individual and academic development in general. In such instances, this transition, although c hallenging and difficult, winds up turning to be a stage which a significant development and growth are experienced. Conclusion The transition to higher education is an achievement and requirement to build a better and successful future and professional career by all students. The students need to create their own personal goals and commitments to meet all challenges and difficulties which are encountered in all new educational settings. Relocations to new learning processes and environment in higher education by students pose a great threat to their educational success. This is caused by emotional and social issues that are created by these new environments and the difficulty of the psychology students to cope with new learning environment. The challenges which moist students during this transition includes study and work commitments, socializing with other students from different cultural backgrounds, managing their own schedules, adjusting to intensive university programs and cou rse, coping with the distance from home and away from their parents, and adjusting to new learning environment. New students in the higher education level needs intervention to support them meet these challenges and later prosper in their academic goals. Educators, parents and the students themselves should come together to address the challenges that the students are experiencing. The psychologists also should be included in this transition to support and determine the challenges and the best way to overcome them. Appropriate programs and activities should be introduced in their first year learning to support them tackle this issues. Orientation is a key element for students to understand and be aware of all the areas and course offered within the university. The first factor is the facility for this transition in order that the desires and expectations for students are addressed and the second thing is to provide an appropriate and informative orientation process. References List Brubacher, J Rudy, W 2007, Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities, Transaction Publishers, New Jersey. Brunswick, N 2012, Supporting Dyslexic Adults in Higher Education and the Workplace, John Wiley Sons, Malden, MA. Ehrenberg, R 2012, ‘American Higher Education in Transition’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 26 no 1. pp. 193–216. Field, S, Kuczera, M, Pont, B 200, No More Failures: Ten Steps to Equity in Education, OECD Publishing, Danvers, MA. Fry, H 2009, A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Enhancing Academic Practice Taylor Francis, New York, NY. Hartley, P Hilsdon, J 2010, Learning Development in Higher Education, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Jackson, C 2003, ‘Transitions into Higher Education: Gendered Implications for Academic Self-Concept’, Oxford Review of Education, vol. 29 no. 3, pp. 331-346. Morgan, J Kliucharev, G 2012, ‘Higher Education and the Post-Sovie t Transition in Russia’, European Journal of Education, vol. 47 no 1, pp. 3-8. Smart, J Paulsen, M 2011 Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Springer, Memphis, TN. Wiseman, A 2000, ‘Navajo transition to higher education: knowledge systems, cultural values, and educational policies’, International Journal of Educational Research, vol. 33 no. 6, pp. 621–629. This essay on Transition to Higher Education for Psychology Students was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Gap Labor Problems Essays

Gap Labor Problems Essays Gap Labor Problems Essay Gap Labor Problems Essay Major ethical issues: Gap Inc. is a multinational casual apparel chain retail store with â€Å"3000 supplier in 50 different countries†. The manufacturing environment, human right treatment and labour policy vary substantially among suppliers from substandard to appalling. Gap Inc. ’s customer were deceived to assume the products were â€Å"Made in USA†, under United States labour standards and human right policies; whilst, manufacturing factories were located in Saipan –a U. S. protectorate in Southeast Asia. Although Saipan conformed to majority of U. S labour laws, it was exempt from federal minimum wage laws. Furthermore, the majority of the manufacturing factories located in Saipan are foreign companies from such countries as china and Thailand. Workers’ rights have been systematically violated in supplier factories in other localities such as Central America, Thailand, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Mexico. Workers were misled into entering contracts, advertised as a well-paying job in USA. In fact the jobs were located in Saipan and paid $3 an hour, moreover, the contract required workers to pay a hefty recruiting fee. Significant human right violation has been committed by suppliers contracted by Gap and other major retailer. Basic human right violation occurred ranging from subjection to sexual harassment, lack of clean water, not being able to use bathrooms and harsh and cruel punishment as a method of discipline. Furthermore, employees were forced into consenting to a contract prohibiting marital arrangements and political or religious activities. Fair labour policy violation came to light upon the employment of minors to fulltime positions. : Additionally, employees failed to pay for overtime. Rampant harassment used as anti-union initiatives. Pregnancy test was required prior to employment. Underage teens have been hired as young as 13 with full time schedule and minimum pay. In one instance a 14 years old girl died of exhaustion after working several 14 hours a day shifts. As a part of their employment contract, employees were forbidden to ask for salary increase, nor participate in union activity or look for alternative jobs. In some instances, workers were given high quota of production and if they failed to meet the demand they wouldn’t receive payment or were forced to perform â€Å"volunteer unpaid time†. Safety was a major issue in the working environment. For instant, teenage workers in China worked in a room that reeked of toxic fumes; some factories had more than a 1000 citations. Dwelling provided for workers was insanitary with exposed electrical wiring. American union of apparel worker claimed, they weren’t able to compete with these foreign suppliers due to these low cost sweatshops. Gap denied such accusations by shifting the accountability to the suppliers, and insisting that resolution of worker plight is the responsibility of their employers who employed them and not of Gap. Utilitarianism Perspective Utilitarianism is a consequence based theory which suggests; those actions are permissible that create the most overall good (utility) for the greatest number of people ( audience). Utilitarianism is the greatest advocate of free market and globalization. Free market encourages efficiency in the market, which pave the way to optimal distribution of cost and benefit in a society. Issues arising from unfair labour policies, human right conditions and hazardous working environment provided in the case is argued in such way that society in these underdeveloped –sometime developing- countries would benefit greatly from employment, economic prosperity and increase standard of livings in the long run. Concurrently, multinational companies in societies in which such products are marketed will benefit from lower costs, attaining competitive advantage in the global market. The ripple effects of their competitive advantage will reach their employees, community in which they operate, government and shareholders. Moreover, lower cost leads to more efficiency which translates into lower prices for consumers. Based on this argument, the complete chain of stakeholders including employees, employers and end users would benefit overall. Conversely, many would object to the notion emphasized by utilitarianism, based on the fact that the pursuit of self-interest tends to lead to injustice. The utility of higher bottom line for Gap Inc. will adversely affect workers and their society by subjecting them to inhumane treatments. There is also first generation problem that arise from such practices. By the time market correct itself and provide better and safer working condition for these workers, a whole generation of worker’s human and labour rights have been sacrificed. Many of these businesses have tremendous lobbying power that could slow down or prevent any initiative targeted to correct aforementioned conditions. The objective and tangible aspect of positive views of utilitarianism such as higher employment and bottom line are measurable as oppose to endangering human lives and impairment of their fundamental rights. Deontological Perspective Deontological ethics identifies the ethical duty to treat everyone with respect for their autonomy and rationality. People have fundamental interest that overrides the collective will and overall utility. Such interest is protected under Deontological ethics, hence, others have the duty to comply and respect these individual rights. Deontological theory also promotes free market. The Gap Inc. ’s corporate executive, Mr. Drexler has a duty to stockholders to conduct business in accordance with their interest. The Gap Inc. is a private entity, thus free to pursue the best interest of The Gap Inc. Contracting suppliers in Saipan leads to drastically lower cost of goods sold which in turn maximizes profit and attains higher return on investment. This is fundamentally, the best interest of for-profit organizations. Deontological argument fails to notice that property rights are not unconditional; centuries of legal precedent transpired from case laws and regulatory legislations. Oversee regulations serve to expound wide range of managerial obligations to safeguard rights of employees. Gap owners’ property right shall not be used in a way that will infringe the basic rights of the workers. Such argument will allow employers to treat the workers as mean to the end of stockholders. Treating workers as rational autonomous beings is at the cornerstone of demonological theory. Current conditions bear a resemblance to treating workers as objects, merely a manufacturing machine with no rights. Furthermore, in a democratic and sensible society mangers take â€Å"positive rights† into considerations. Positive rights are those that managers have the duty to provide like safe working condition, fair treatment, respect and intention to provide better living standards. Gap Response Assessment According the piece Gap was one of the first companies to adapt a code of ethics for its factories. In response to rising criticism and precedents facing the company and its industry competitors, Gap updated its code of conduct. This was a pre-emptive initiative to battle sweatshops conditions in the factories. There were also guidelines for safety and labour practices. According to the article codes of conduct adopted by Gap, suppliers must avoid discriminatory conducts, forced labour, prison labour, child employment bellow the age of 14, and promote respect for union efforts, provide safe working environment and pay legal minimum wages. Additionally, the code of conducts promoted respect for local environment regulation and obedience of the local laws and regulations. These guidelines resemble a minimalism approach. According to Tom Donaldson, business is set to follow economic interests to the extent as to follow minimum moral rights set forth by UN declaration of universal human rights. Hence, the Gap should merely acknowledge the negative duties not to cause harm. Many of the aforementioned nations have proper laws and regulation in placed. However, there is the lack of administrative enforcement. Another aspect of Gap’s response is how they handled criticism and litigations. First criticism arrived from an article published in The New York Times by columnist Bob Herbert. The article illustrated the plight of hundreds of thousands of young workers in Central America who made apparel for Gap under conditions which violated their human rights, rights of collective bargaining and furthermore, subjection to torture, cruel and unreasonable punishments. In several other instances labour activists staged demonstration that illustrated the conditions of workers in Saipan and other locations. The activists demanded Gap stand responsible for the remorseful working conditions and to intervene in creating better working environment in those factories. Additionally, they requested an independent audit report to be conducted of the factories to portray an accurate picture of the employment conditions. Initially, Gap resisted such demands and criticism by relying upon their own monitory reports and account from supplier owners. Furthermore, since the workers employed by such factories are not direct labor of Gap, responsibility, if any, rests with the subcontractors. Gap also repelled the call for independent inquiry in order to control the flow of information to their consumers. On January 1999, a lawsuit was brought against the Gap Inc. on behalf of 50,000 factory workers at Saipan. The lawsuit accused Gap and 25 other retailer of violation of workers’ human rights. Moreover, the lawsuit accused Gap of deception of consumers into believing the products offered by the company were â€Å"Made in USA† under United States labour and minimum wage laws, even though they were made in Saipan under inhumane, unsafe conditions with total lack of regulations. Additionally, the lawsuit revealed that the workers were misled into entering contracts that advertised a well-paying job in USA. In fact the jobs were in Saipan and paid $3 an hour and made employees promise to pay a hefty recruiting fee. Sadly, employees were further required to surrender their basic human and employee rights. Gap refused to settle the lawsuit outside the courtroom unlike the other defendant named in the lawsuit, on the basis that settlement would express admission to guilt. Finally, Gap updated their codes of conduct to address the issues brought up by the lawsuit regarding the foreign employment practices. They also agreed to pay $20 million to compensate the workers in Saipan factories. On May 2004, in face of all the criticism and lawsuits targeted towards the company, the Gap Inc. ’s new management accepted to publish a public report of the conditions and employment practices in their oversee supplier factories. The company’s decision was praised by many labour activists for being a step forward in ethical embracement. The company prioritized respect for union formation. Some argued workers lack the knowledge of their fundamental rights due to cultural and ethical relativism, so they become victims of a so called well-run prisons† Recommendations In terms of the Gap Inc. ’s appropriateness of responses to the aforementioned issues, it must be noted that creation of Gap’s code of ethical conduct was a proactive tool to battle sweatshop conditions. Especially for the fact that it wasn’t a defensive response, rather a pre-emptive move to avoid catastrophic precedents. Lack of proper monitoring and enforcement of such codes of conduct seemed rather peculiar. Gap should have conducted audits with more frequency and served to eliminate such adverse problems before they become to light. Employees are rational, autonomous individuals, and thus have certain basic needs and interests. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, human beings basic needs rank from Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Esteem to self-actualization. Physiological needs are required for human survival. Assuming food, shelter and clothing were provided, humans need for sexual companionship and procreation is a part of such needs; in this case marriage was frowned upon by employer –suppliers- by means of contract. Safety needs is both most critical and lacking in this case. Harsh punishments abolished workers personal safety. Manipulative and deceitful contract terms endangered workers property rights and freedom. Health and safety is vital to human wellbeing and freedom. Such rights or needs should be protected from being infringed upon and traded away in the process of bargaining. Moving up any further in level of need is redundant since workers most basic need must be met before a higher level of needs is achieved. Without the attainment of lower level needs, sense of belongingness and self-esteem are inexistent and self-actualization will never be met. Corporation are held morally and socially accountable for their actions and how they fit into the fabric of a society. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when there are a number of participants in the arrangement and responsibility is not clearly assigned or enforced. Gap holds the supplier responsible for the affair of workers. Suppliers are regulated by government and laws, which in many cases are never upheld. Gap is the ultimate beneficiary of this supply chain and must be responsible for the conduct of suppliers. According to Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility, there are four level of responsibility for Gap Inc. as a corporation. First it must be economical; this is the commercial vitality of any for-profit organization and is necessary to the survival of the company and is private property of the stockholders. Any initiative employed toward resolving these ethical issues seem to have economic significance. As mentioned in the case consumers are more likely to avoid shopping from a brand associated with sweatshops. Second level is the Legal responsibility. Gap must obey the law applied both in US and in the local laws in which these factories are located and operated. It must be noted that although many of the countries aforementioned have fairly appropriate regulation in place, lack of social development prevent such governments from enforcing these regulations. The Gap Inc. or any of its suppliers must not take advantage of weak administration. Third level is the ethical responsibility. As mentioned previously, Gap is the ultimate beneficiary of this supply chain. Although suppliers are directly in charge of these workers, Gap holds an immense power to prevent such unethical behaviour from occurring. Therefore, the company must resiliently monitor the conduct of its suppliers, given the high risk of non-compliance. Protection of human rights rank at the top of issues requiring urgent resolution. No physical or psychological trauma should be endured by workers. Subsequently, health and safety in factories must be provided as it is essential to the wellbeing of workers. Employment rights and regulation must be fully upheld and respected. Subjection to deceptive advertisement must be eliminated to both workers and end users. End users must know the condition of factories in which the merchandise is being manufactured. Workers must not be deceived into contract with dissipated terms. A fair wage should be paid to workers which is comparable not essentially equal to workers in United States. The aforementioned processors will to address apparel worker concern in US who are concerned with uncompetitive low wages paid in Saipan and or other developed countries. Forth and finally, the Gap Inc. has philanthropic social responsibilities. As aforesaid Gap uses minimalism approach in which it acknowledges only â€Å"negative duties† not to cause harm. They should alter their perception by seeking maximalist approach. The Gap Inc. holds tremendous influence, power, and resources which could be used towards providing positive benefits and promotes better conditions in the community where they directly or indirectly operate. The ripple effect of such practices will repair the company’s damaged identity and image.

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